107 results
Causes of Low Vitamin B12 Levels
Low vitamin B12 intake - Vegetarianism, chronic alcoholism and older people
Autoimmune
Causes of Low Vitamin ... B12 Levels Low ... pylori-associated gastritis Surgery ... Malabsorption - Small intestinal ... VitaminB12 #deficiency #low
Causes of Increased Amylase (Hyperamylasemia)
Increased serum amylase is not always due to pancreatitis. Here are some
Causes of Increased ... are some other causes ... Pseudocyst, ERCP / Surgery ... SOD • Gl Tract: Intestinal
What is the difference between ischemic colitis and mesenteric ischemia?
A common misnomer. Mesenteric ischemia and ischemic
• Tx: urgent surgery ... to nonocclusive low ... flow states • ... conservative, surgery ... differences #diagnosis #table
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
inhibitors - Primary intestinal ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Magnesium #Table ... Classification #Causes
Causes of acute intestinal obstruction:
-Adhesive disease
-Neoplasm 
-Herniation
-IBD
-Volvulus 
-Other

#Clinical #IntestinalObstruction #Differential #Surgery #Gastroenterology
Causes of acute ... intestinal obstruction ... #Differential #Surgery
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Low Serum Mg: GI losses, Renal losses, Alcoholism, Malnutrition, Drug-Induced
Diagnosis Algorithm • Low ... (i.e. thyroid surgery ... (very rare) • Low ... sunlight • Other Causes ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Etiologies of Hypoaldosteronism

Hyporeninemic Hypoaldosteronism (Low Renin, Low Aldosterone)
 - Diabetic Nephropathy 
 - NSAIDs
Non-Hyporeninemic Hypoaldosteronism (Normal
Hypoaldosteronism (Low ... Renin, Low Aldosterone ... or High Renin, Low ... Aldosterone #Comparison #Table ... #Causes
Causes of Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Extravascular: Pancreatitis, surgery, acute phosphate intake and renal
Causes of Hypocalcemia ... Pancreatitis, surgery ... Hyperphosphatemia, Low ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Causes of Iron Deficiency - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Blood loss: GI (cancer, ulcer, IBD), GU
Causes of Iron Deficiency ... menses), Epistaxis, Surgery ... Pregnancy, Lactation, Low ... disease, Bypass surgery ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes
Breast Discharge - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High Prolactin + Normal TSH
 • Microprolactinoma
 • Steroid Hormone Intake
Stimulation, Trauma/Surgery ... Prolactin + Normal/ Low ... Endocrinology #Causes