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diagnosis nephrology differential causes management algorithm pharmacology table potassium hyperkalemia hypokalemia hypomagnesemia polyuria classification high hypernatremia low magnesium syndrome drugs
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Inadequate water intake: • Lack of access to water Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
perspiration Renal ... • Osmotic diuresis ... • Central diabetes ... • Nephrogenic diabetes ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Comparison of anti-diabetic or anti-hyperglycemic agents There are numerous anti-hyperglycemic agents available to manage Type 2 diabetes.
Comparison of anti-diabetic ... Each class of medications ... pharmacotherapy #table #comparison ... #management #medications ... #treatment
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Regulating Renal ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... #Renal #Excretion ... #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Pharmacology #Medications
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism Decreased GI Uptake - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
diarrhea / IBD Renal ... Loses - Medications ... - Uncontrolled diabetes ... - Transient renal ... - Familial renal
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Urine Output > 3L /day Water Diuresis (Urine Osm <100 mOsm/kg) • Primary
3L /day Water Diuresis ... Polydipsia • Central Diabetes ... • Nephrogenic Diabetes ... Dl • Chronic Renal ... Algorithm #causes #nephrology
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
Hypodipsia - Renal ... , Loop diuretics ... Postobstructive diuresis ... Features #Diagnosis #Comparison ... #Table #Nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
UNa > 20: • Renal ... losses, Diuretic ... Ketonuria, Osmotic diuresis ... Third spacing of fluids ... Algorithm #Causes #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
plasma insulin (treatment ... of diabetic ketoacidosis ... Villous adenoma Renal ... chewing tobacco, Renal ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
mOsm/kg - Implies renal ... , Ingestion Renal ... • Hypovolemic: Diuretics ... • Euvolemic: Diabetes ... Workup #Algorithm #nephrology
Pharmacokinetics of commonly used diuretics medications in CKD, Cirrhotic Ascites, and Heart Failure • Furosemide •
commonly used diuretics ... medications in ... Spironolactone MCW Nephrology ... MCW_Nephrology #diuretics ... Pharmacokinetics #halflife #comparison
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