11 results
Cardiorenal Syndrome (CRS) Types
 • Type 1 - Acute CRS: Alteration of renal perfusion is the
1 - Acute CRS: ... Alteration of renal ... 3 - Acute RCS: ... hemodialysis and fluids ... #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Pre-Renal:
 • Hypovolemia, Cardiorenal, Distributive Shock, HRS, Hypercalcemia, Renal
Acute Kidney Injury ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Distributive Shock, HRS ... SCVMCMed #AKI #Acute ... #nephrology #causes
Hepatorenal Syndrome Diagnosis
 • ↑ in serum Cr of ≥ 0.3mg/dL above baseline
Hepatorenal Syndrome Diagnosis ... i.e. giving IV fluids ... significantly improve renal ... Hepatorenal #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #HRS #nephrology
Angioedema - Classification Diagnosis and Treatment
Types of Angioedema:
 • Acute allergic angioedema - Usually occurs with
Classification Diagnosis ... Types of Angioedema ... urticaria within 1-2 hrs ... first taking the medication ... #Diagnosis #Treatment
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
tubular cells - Acute ... Red cell casts - Diagnostic ... Hyaline casts - Any type ... disorders or excreted medications ... #nephrology #casts
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
perfusion - shock->treatments ... before beginning treatment ... cardiac output - Acute ... peritonitis - Acute ... - HIV/HAART medications
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Etiology: • Medications ... Aldosterone, RTA Type ... depress, ↑PR ↑QRS ... STOP offending medications ... #potassium #nephrology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
may precede the neurologic ... Immunosuppressive agents, Renal ... Electrolyte abnormality, Medication ... syndrome, ADEM, Acute ... #management #neurology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... Torsemide) • Acute ... hyperaldosteronism • Acute ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... #Pharmacology #Medications
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
: Differential Diagnosis ... postchronic hypercapnia (acute ... diuretics after renal ... diuretic effect has ... syndrome (11-ß HSD type