2812 results
Hypercalcemia - EKG Findings
Causes of Hypercalcemia 
• Malignancy 
• Milk-alkali syndrome 
• Vitamin D toxicity 
•
EKG Findings Causes ... Hyperparathyroidism • Immobilization ... #Differential #Causes
Causes of Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis
 • Drugs & Toxins (Statins, alcohol, cocaine)
 • Direct Muscle
Causes of Rhabdomyolysis ... Hypoxia (Prolonged immobilization ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Hyperthyroidism, Immobilization ... Hypercalcemia #Causes
Risk Factors Associated with Post-operative Pulmonary Complications 

Preoperative 
• Asthma/ COPD 
• Recent respiratory infection 
•
Postoperative • Immobilization ... anesthesia #surgery #causes
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... theophylline Other: immobilization ... Hypercalcemia #Causes
Primary and Secondary Causes of Osteoporosis

Primary osteoporosis 
 - idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis 
 -  postmenopausal
and Secondary Causes ... homocystinuria Other causes ... - immobilization ... Osteoporosis #Secondary #Causes
Pathologic / Fragility Fractures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm 
Tumours
 - See Bone Lesions Scheme
Paget's Disease
 -
Nutrition • Immobilization ... #Orthopedics #Causes
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... bone turnover • Immobilization ... Hypercalcemia #Causes
Leg Pain - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Bone/Joint Causes of Leg Pain:
 • Fracture
 • Arthritis
 • Gout/pseudogout
Bone/Joint Causes ... Hematoma Venous Causes ... Edema Arterial Causes ... aneurysms Nerve Causes ... Contraceptive pill, Immobilization
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary

Trauma:
 • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury
Exertional:
 •
Trauma: • Immobilization ... Management #Summary #causes