3378 results
Causes of Non-Gap Metabolic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Anion Gap (<14) (Loss of Bicarbonate) -
Causes of Non-Gap ... inhibitor Principal Cell ... Type IV Alpha-Intercalated ... Cell Problem - ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Intercalated cells response to Metabolic Alkalosis and Metabolic Acidosis
 • Type B Intercalated Cell - "B"
Intercalated cells ... Acidosis • Type B Intercalated ... Cell - "B" for ... Cell - "A" for ... #cells #pathophysiology
Nephron Remodeling as a Mechanism of Diuretic Resistance. When high doses of loop diuretics are used
convoluted tubule cells ... , principal cells ... , and intercalated ... cells.
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Transcellular Shift Into Cells ... - Increased Cell ... imports K+ into cells ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Eosinophils (Eos) and hypereosinophilia (HE)
Caused by eosinophilopoietic cytokines
Common causes:
 - Drug reaction
 - Helminth infection
 -
hypereosinophilia (HE) Caused ... cytokines Common causes ... disease Rare causes ... : - B or T cell ... CD3-CD4+ T cells
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
Tubule Epithelial Cells ... number of principal cell ... acidosis - alpha-Intercalated ... cell Cl-/HCO3-
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
• Epithelial cells ... Renal tubular cells ... Dysmorphic red cells ... casts - Diagnostic ... • Hyaline casts
Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis
Distal RTA is the true Nephrogenic RTA and can be truly divided into
Type A intercalated ... cells - A Low K ... - Sickle cell
Type IV Hypersensitivity: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Definition: Unique because it is entirely T-Cell mediated; exposure to
is entirely T-Cell ... exposure to allergen causes ... allergen-specific T-Cell ... exposure, because T-Cell ... harmful -> Th Cells
Acute Kidney Injury - Differential Diagnosis Framework
PRERENAL:
 - Intrarenal vasoconstriction-hemodynamically mediated
 - Systemic vasodilation
 - Volume
Glomerular (red blood cells ... eosinophils/white blood cell ... casts on UA) - ... (renal tubular cell ... treating underlying cause