746 results
Causes of False Elevation and Reduction in HbA1c

== False Elevation ==
Decreased RBC turnover 
• Iron, B-12,
Causes of False ... Elevation == Decreased ... Asplenia Laboratory Interference ... Reduction == Increase ... #Decrease #Diagnosis
Diastolic Dysfunction Grading - Echocardiography
Grade 0  (Normal):
 • E/A >0.8, e’ > 8 cm/s, E/e’
Impaired Relaxation & Decreased ... Compliance • Mild Decrease ... Filling • Moderate Decrease ... enlargement • Severe Decrease ... grades #diagnosis #cardiology
Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure - Differential Diagnosis Framework
DECREASED INSPIRED OXYGEN
 • Low PATM Can decrease first part
Diagnosis Framework DECREASED ... • Low PATM Can decrease ... • Rising PaCO2 decreases ... gas equation • Causes ... : Decreased respiratory
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
→ Inflammation causes ... ferroportin → Decreased ... ferroportin leads to decreased ... endpoint of all-cause ... diagnosis #management #cardiology
Causes of Thrombocytopenia and Platelet Disorders - Differential Diagnosis and Workup
History:
 - Prior platelet count, family
Causes of Thrombocytopenia ... Basic labs for decreased ... testing - Lab for decreased ... liver disease, decrease ... patients if the cause
Hydroxyurea - Pathophysiology and Benefits in Sickle Cell Disease
 • Decreases number of pain crises (
Cell Disease • Decreases ... number of pain crises ... 4.5 vs. 2.4) • Decreases ... organ benefit and decreased
R Wave Progression - normal chest lead ECG shows an rS-type complex in lead V1 with
with a steady increase ... left chest and a decrease ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology
Kussmaul's Sign - Differential Diagnosis

Typically the JVP decreases with inspiration as the negative intrathoracic pressure "sucks
Typically the JVP decreases ... there is a lack of decrease ... or increase in ... physicalexam #diagnosis #cardiology ... #differential #causes
Digoxin effect on Electrocardiogram (EKG)
Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside from the foxglove leaf
Mechanism
 - Inhibits Na-K
Na-K ATPase -> increase ... extracellular K -> increase ... contractility - Decreases ... nodal conduction Uses ... Electrocardiogram #EKG #Cardiology
Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy: Heart Murmur
 • Occurs during systole 
 • Crescendo-decrescendo murmur
 • Heard best
mitral areas • Increase ... dehydration) • Decrease ... Murmur #Cardiac #Cardiology