177 results
Causes of False Elevation and Reduction in HbA1c

== False Elevation ==
Decreased RBC turnover 
• Iron, B-12,
Elevation == Decreased ... Asplenia Laboratory Interference ... Reduction == Increase ... HgbA1c #Laboratory #Increase ... #Decrease #Diagnosis
Reported Mechanisms and Toxicity of Investigational Treatments for SARS-COV-2
Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine
 • Mechanisms: Interference with ligand
• Mechanisms: Interference ... ligand binding, interference ... into cytosol, decreased ... hypoglycemia, ocular ... • Mechanism: Interference
Definitions of AKI, CKD, AKD
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI):
 • Increase in SCr by 2 50% within
Injury (AKI): • Increase ... 7 days, OR • Increase ... months, OR • Decrease ... GFR by ≥ 35% or increase ... #Definitions #nephrology
NSAIDS and their effects on the Kidney - Pathophysiology

Arachidonic Acid metabolites into alternative pathways that modify
inhibition • Increase ... distal RTA • Increase ... Vasoconstriction and decreased ... KidneyDisease #nephrology
Physical exam findings of various ocular palsies; image courtesy of the BMJ

R 3rd nerve palsy
R 4th
findings of various ocular ... nerve palsy #Ocular ... CNIII #CNIV #CNVI #Neurology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Algorithm Cause - Decreased ... complex - Cl⁻ increase ... acidosis - Cl⁻ decrease ... Pathophysiology #Nephrology
Pendular Nystagmus on Ocular Exam

Pendular nystagmus seen in this patient with multiple sclerosis

#Pendular #Nystagmus #Ocular #PhysicalExam
Pendular Nystagmus on Ocular ... Pendular #Nystagmus #Ocular ... multiple #sclerosis #neurology
Horizontal Nystagmus on Ocular Examination

Dr Prasad Jain @DrPrasadJain

#Horizontal #Nystagmus #Ocular #PhysicalExam #clinical #video #neurology #ophthalmology
Horizontal Nystagmus on Ocular ... Horizontal #Nystagmus #Ocular ... clinical #video #neurology
Acute Kidney Injury - RIFLE and AKIN Criteria for Diagnosis and Classification of AKI
 • AKIN
AKIN Stage 1 - Increase ... ≥ 0.3 mg/dL or increase ... AKIN Stage 2 - Increase ... AKIN Stage 3 - Increase ... Classification #nephrology
Chronic Vision Loss by Anatomic Location - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cornea:
 • Keratoconus
 • Stromal Scaring
 •
• Age Related Macular ... Hemorrhage and Macular ... Retinitis Pigmentosa (Decreased ... field defects, decrease