147 results
Causes of False Elevation and Reduction in HbA1c

== False Elevation ==
Decreased RBC turnover 
• Iron, B-12,
Elevation == Decreased ... Asplenia Laboratory Interference ... Reduction == Increase ... HgbA1c #Laboratory #Increase ... #Decrease #Diagnosis
Diastolic Dysfunction Grading - Echocardiography
Grade 0  (Normal):
 • E/A >0.8, e’ > 8 cm/s, E/e’
Impaired Relaxation & Decreased ... Compliance • Mild Decrease ... Filling • Moderate Decrease ... enlargement • Severe Decrease ... grades #diagnosis #cardiology
Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation (NIPPV)

Expiratory & Inspiratory Positive Airway Pressure
Both increase intrathoracic pressure, which can decrease
Both can decrease ... larger VT and decreases ... In CHF, decreases ... In COPD, decreases ... status • Won't Work
R Wave Progression - normal chest lead ECG shows an rS-type complex in lead V1 with
with a steady increase ... left chest and a decrease ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology
Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy: Heart Murmur
 • Occurs during systole 
 • Crescendo-decrescendo murmur
 • Heard best
mitral areas • Increase ... dehydration) • Decrease ... Murmur #Cardiac #Cardiology
Causes of Thrombocytopenia and Platelet Disorders - Differential Diagnosis and Workup
History:
 - Prior platelet count, family
Diagnosis and Workup ... Basic labs for decreased ... testing - Lab for decreased ... liver disease, decrease ... Diagnosis #Causes #Workup
MINOCA Workup Algorithm 
Myocardial Infarction with Nonobstructive Coronary Arteries

#MINOCA #Workup #Algorithm #diagnosis #cardiology #Nonobstructive #myocardial #injury
MINOCA Workup Algorithm ... Arteries #MINOCA #Workup ... Algorithm #diagnosis #cardiology
Digoxin effect on Electrocardiogram (EKG)
Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside from the foxglove leaf
Mechanism
 - Inhibits Na-K
Na-K ATPase -> increase ... extracellular K -> increase ... intracellular Ca -> increase ... contractility - Decreases ... Electrocardiogram #EKG #Cardiology
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
failure leads to an increase ... ferroportin → Decreased ... ferroportin leads to decreased ... symptoms and QOL and decreased ... diagnosis #management #cardiology
Calcium Channel Blockers - Dihydropyridines vs Non-Dihydropyridines
Dihydropyridines (amlodipine, felodipine, nifedipine, nicardipine)
 • SVR: Decrease
 • Inotropy:
nicardipine) • SVR: Decrease ... verapamil) • SVR: Decrease ... • Inotropy: Decrease ... comparison #table #cardiology