21 results
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Causes of High-anion ... oxoproline) • Renal ... Renal acidosis ... #differential #
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Algorithm Extra-renal ... • Metabolic acidosis ... loss (Diarrhea) Renal ... Syndrome • HTN, High
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... phlebotomy High ... - Metabolic acidosis ... Hypoaldosteronism • Acquired ... #differential #
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... phlebotomy High ... - Metabolic acidosis ... Hypoaldosteronism • Acquired ... #differential #
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
(NAGMA) - Differential ... normal Type 4: Hyperkalemic ... • Serum K high ... - Diarrhea - High ... Metabolic #NAGMA #Differential
Types of Renal Calculi

Calcium oxalate
 - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
acidosis (type 1 ... Mycoplasma infections, High ... tubular acidosis ... - Antiviral treatment ... #stones #differential
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus

Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus:
 - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
- Primary renal ... causes (e.g., hypokalemia ... , hypercalcemia) ... Treatment is aimed ... Nephrology #Diagnosis #Differential
Hyperuricemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary - Over-production
     • Increased turnover of nucleotides
Primary
Hyperuricemia - Differential ... Drug-induced • High ... • Diabetic acidosis ... • Chronic renal ... Sarcoidosis • Hypercalcemia
Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis
Distal RTA is the true Nephrogenic RTA and can be truly divided into
Distal Renal Tubular ... Acidosis Distal ... hypokalemic and the hyperkalemic ... distal RTA - A high ... RTA #diagnosis #differential
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation ... suggests extra-renal ... urinary losses: • High ... - Metabolic acidosis ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential