10 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... acidosis • Chronic ... D-lactic acidosis • Chronic ... the indicated causes ... Chloride #urine #Algorithm
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Low intake • Metabolic ... Gl tract loss (Diarrhea ... Syndrome • HTN, High ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Causes of Non-Gap Metabolic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Anion Gap (<14) (Loss of Bicarbonate) -
Causes of Non-Gap ... Metabolic Acidosis ... net charge) • Diarrhea ... RTA Type II • Carbonic ... #Causes
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acute or chronic ... 0.8 Normal + High ... of High Anion Gap ... acidosis: - Diarrhea ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... tubal acidosis and metabolic ... losses, Vomiting, Diarrhea ... : • Acute or chronic ... #Causes #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Non-anion Gap Metabolic ... of High-anion Gap ... Diarrhea B. ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... wasting from other causes ... suggests extra-renal causes ... Laxative use • Diarrhea ... urinary losses: • High
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... burns, trauma - Ischemic ... infusions) - Metabolic ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... burns, trauma - Ischemic ... infusions) - Metabolic ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology
Nausea and Vomiting - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Upper Gastrointestinal - Acute
 • Infectious Gastroenteritis
 • Gastric/Duodenal Obstruction
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Mesenteric Ischemia ... Pancreatitis Endocrine/Metabolic ... • Nicotine High ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm