8 results
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
Chronic Hypertensive ... and flame hemorrhages ... fluffy white ischemic ... Elschnig's Spots • Ischemia ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology
Approach to Possible Hypertensive Emergency

criteria required to diagnose hypertensive emergency
(1) Severe hypertension
 - Usually a MAP
mm is needed to cause ... - Myocardial ischemia ... type-II myocardial ischemia ... proteinuria, or chronic renal ... Emergency #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Isocoria - Pupillary Defects - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Relative Afferent Pupil Defect
 • Optic Neuritis
 • Ischemic
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Optic Neuritis • Ischemic ... Nerve Tumor • Retinal ... • Botulism Pharmacologic ... #Causes #Ophthalmology
Causes of Altered Level of Consciousness GCS < 7 - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Brain Involvement - Hemispheric
Causes of Altered ... Traumatic • Ischemia ... - Vascular • Hypertensive ... Excesses • Liver/Renal ... #Causes
Causes of Fatigue - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Endocrine
 • Hypo/Hyperthyroidism
 • Diabetes
 • Pituitary Insufficiency
 • Adrenal
Causes of Fatigue ... Metabolic • Renal ... Myasthenia Gravis Pharmacologic ... Hypnotics • Anti-hypertensives ... #causes
Causes of Intrauterine Growth Restriction / Small for Gestational Age - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Fetal Factors:
 -
Causes of Intrauterine ... - Placental Ischemia ... • Gestational hypertension ... Pre-eclampsia • Renal ... #Causes #Obstetrics
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Agents Regulating Renal ... irrigation • Management ... Kidney stones caused ... Inhibitors of Renal ... #Diuretics #Renal
The crusade against “Ab”Normal Saline continues.  This is a non-physiologic fluid that can harm our
K+ in the ECF causes ... increased risk of renal ... content induces renal ... which reduces renal ... showing reduced renal