41 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Algorithm Extra-renal ... Losses: • Normal Acid-Base ... loss (Diarrhea) Renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
oxoproline) • Renal ... failure (acute ... Renal acidosis ... hyperkalemia (with renal ... #nephrology
Approach to Acid Base Disorders - Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
1) Start with the Anion Gap (AG).
2)
3) Now, look at ... , chronic, or acute ... Ketoacidosis, Renal ... loss of bicarb, Renal ... GI loss of H+, Renal
Hyperuricemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary - Over-production
     • Increased turnover of nucleotides
Primary
• Lower uric acid ... • Diabetic acidosis ... - Renal ... • Chronic renal ... endocrinology #causes
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Pre-Renal:
 • Hypovolemia, Cardiorenal, Distributive Shock, HRS, Hypercalcemia, Renal
Framework Pre-Renal ... Hypercalcemia, Renal ... Medications Intra-Renal ... Autoimmune Post-Renal ... #causes #algorithm
Types of Renal Calculi

Calcium oxalate
 - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
Types of Renal Calculi ... Hypercalcemia, Renal ... Hyperuricemia, Renal ... Calculi #Types #Renal ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... salicylates) R Renal ... - Diarrhea - Renal ... /Chronic renal failure ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis - GOLDMARK

Glycols - ethylene and propylene glycol
Oxoproline
salicylate toxicity causes ... ketoacidosis Renal ... underexcretion of acids ... in advanced renal ... GOLDMARK #mnemonic #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
gastrointestinal K loss • Renal ... hypokalemia • Renal ... tubular acidosis ... , glycyrrhizic acid ... #nephrology #potassium
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Inflammatory Disease: (i.e. GCA, SLE, GPA) ->
trucking" • Acute ... retinal edema caused ... by ischemia results ... axons death due to ischemia ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology