42 results
Hypermagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism
Renal Failure 
Excessive Mg Administration 
 - Massive PO intake
by Mechanism Renal ... intake - Magnesium ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #High #Magnesium ... #Table #Causes
Approach to Hypomagnesemia 

Fractional excretion of magnesium = (urine magnesium x serum creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum magnesium
= (urine magnesium ... cells FEMg >4% = renal ... if renal function ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #nephrology
Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis
Renal Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Familial:
Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, Isolated recessive hypomagnesemia,
Renal Causes of ... hypomagnesemia Renal ... Hypercalcemia, Post renal ... #causes #nephrology ... #magnesium #low
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Pre-Renal:
 • Hypovolemia, Cardiorenal, Distributive Shock, HRS, Hypercalcemia, Renal
Framework Pre-Renal ... Hypercalcemia, Renal ... Medications Intra-Renal ... Autoimmune Post-Renal ... #nephrology #causes
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... perspiration Renal ... #Causes #nephrology ... #sodium #high
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
diarrhea / IBD Renal ... - Transient renal ... - Familial renal ... #Low #Magnesium ... #Causes #Workup
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Causes of Metabolic ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Chloridorrhea Renal ... • Penicillins Renal ... MetabolicAlkalosis #NonGap #Nephrology
Isocoria - Pupillary Defects - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Relative Afferent Pupil Defect
 • Optic Neuritis
 • Ischemic
- Differential Diagnosis ... Optic Neuritis • Ischemic ... Nerve Tumor • Retinal ... #Algorithm #Causes ... #Ophthalmology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Treat with a high ... • Renal Failure ... Hypovolemic - GI losses, renal ... #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
cells - Normal • Renal ... - Renal infection ... - Any type of renal ... More significant renal ... #nephrology #casts