42 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Algorithm Extra-renal ... loss (Diarrhea) Renal ... , Gitelman syndrom ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Pharmacological Treatment of Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

Midodrine - Alpha agonist incr blood pressure incr renal perfusion pressure
Pharmacological Treatment ... of Hepatorenal Syndrome ... pressure incr renal ... #Pharmacology # ... Medications #Treatment
Isocoria - Pupillary Defects - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Relative Afferent Pupil Defect
 • Optic Neuritis
 • Ischemic
Optic Neuritis • Ischemic ... Nerve Tumor • Retinal ... Midbrain (Parinaud's Syndrome ... • Botulism Pharmacologic ... Algorithm #Causes #Ophthalmology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary

Trauma:
 • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury
Exertional:
 •
iniury, Compartment syndrome ... Neuroleptic malignant syndrome ... renal ischemia ... oxidative iniury Treatment ... Monitor potassium
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options
Stabilize cardiac membrane:
 • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes)
Decrease potassium concentration:
 • IV Fluids
Shift
Hyperkalemia Treatment ... minutes) Decrease potassium ... Fluids Shift potassium ... (if preserved renal ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
• Refeeding syndrome ... Medications Renal ... Losses Non-renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #low #potassium
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Pre-Renal:
 • Hypovolemia, Cardiorenal, Distributive Shock, HRS, Hypercalcemia, Renal
Framework Pre-Renal ... Hypercalcemia, Renal ... Abdominal Compartment Syndrome ... Other • ATN: Ischemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
- Compartment syndrome ... or compartment syndrome ... ischemia 2. ... Monitor potassium ... #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
gastrointestinal K loss • Renal ... hypokalemia • Renal ... , Gitelman's syndrome ... algorithm #causes #nephrology ... #potassium
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• Recent IV potassium ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... burns, trauma - Ischemic ... diagnosis #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology