22 results
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
re-vascularize the ischemic ... ischemia -> Venous ... ischemia causes ... Retinopathy #Diabetes #ophthalmology ... complications #pathophysiology
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Inflammatory Disease: (i.e. GCA, SLE, GPA) ->
Central Retinal ... edema caused by ischemia ... axons death due to ischemia ... Occlusion #CRAO #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology
Initial treatment of renal bone disease and cinacalcet for secondary hyperparathyroidism
Phosphate binders reduce hyperphosphataemia and hyperparathyroidism.
Initial treatment of renal ... cinacalcet for secondary ... This decreases secondary ... #Pharmacology #Pathophysiology ... #Secondary #Hyperparathyroidism
Uveitis - Definition, Causes and SUN Classification

Inflammation of the iris, ciliary body, vitreous, retina and/or choroid
Incidence
body, vitreous, retina ... macular edema, secondary ... glaucoma and retinal ... ischemia Causes ... Differential #Diagnosis #Ophthalmology
CNS Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Clinical Manifestations: Demyelinating Syndrome, Headache, Movement disorders, Seizure disorders, Aseptic
Disease, PRES Pathophysiology ... that will cause ischemia ... cyclophosphamide • Ischemic ... anticoagulants (for secondary ... APS), Secondary
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
of the terminal retinal ... causes fluffy white ischemic ... Elschnig's Spots • Ischemia ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology
Isocoria - Pupillary Defects - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Relative Afferent Pupil Defect
 • Optic Neuritis
 • Ischemic
Optic Neuritis • Ischemic ... Nerve Tumor • Retinal ... dissociation) • Pharmacologic ... • Botulism Pharmacologic ... Algorithm #Causes #Ophthalmology
Retinoblastoma: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Sporadic mutation -> One allele of RB1 tumor suppressor gene
absent or partial retinal ... spread • Sub-retinal ... Pseudo-hypopyon • Secondary ... Retinoblastoma #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary

Trauma:
 • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury
Exertional:
 •
Dermatomyositis) AKI - Pathophysiology ... HYPOTENSION -> renal ... renal ischemia ... per day until stable ... Rhabdomyolysis Schema
Age Related Macular Degeneration: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Photoreceptor atrophy 
-> Extracellular debris (drusen) from RPE atrophy/metabolism
from choroid to retina ... products from retina ... choroidal bed -> Ischemia ... MacularDegeneration #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology