91 results
Patterns of Liver Injury
Transaminase Levels:
  > 50x normal - Ischemic Hepatitis
  > 20x normal
- Ischemic Hepatitis ... CMV), Alcoholic cirrhosis ... AST:ALT = 1 - Ischemia ... Viral Hepatitis, Ischemic ... Liver #Injury #hepatology
Elevated Liver Enzymes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Severe ALT > 15x ULN
 • Viral
 • Drugs/Toxins
 •
Drugs/Toxins • Ischemia ... disease US — Normal ... Infiltrative • Cirrhosis ... Others #LFTs #Hepatology ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Abnormal Liver Function Tests - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm for Transaminitis
Hepatocellular Pattern (ALT or AST > ALP):
Abnormal Liver Function ... Drugs, Viral, Ischemia ... Congenital, Others, Cirrhosis ... LFTs #Elevated #Abnormal ... Algorithm #diagnosis #hepatology
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
re-vascularize the ischemic ... significant retinal ischemia ... Localized retinal ischemia ... causes upregulation ... Retinopathy #Diabetes #ophthalmology
Causes of Congenital Anomalies - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Malformation
 • Embryonic development failure or inadequacy (often multifactorial)
Deformation
Causes of Congenital ... Deformation • Abnormal ... of previously normal ... tissue (e.g. ischemia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Portal Vein Thrombosis (PVT) Treatment Algorithm
 - If concern for ischemic: anti-coag+multidisciplinary care
 - W/o cirrhosis+recent
If concern for ischemic ... multidisciplinary care - W/o cirrhosis ... anti-thrombotic tx - Cirrhosis ... : case-by-cased ... management #Algorithm #hepatology
Uveitis - Definition, Causes and SUN Classification

Inflammation of the iris, ciliary body, vitreous, retina and/or choroid
Incidence
inhabitants 3rd leading cause ... glaucoma and retinal ischemia ... Causes of uveitis ... TerrierBen #Uveitis #Causes ... Differential #Diagnosis #Ophthalmology
Causes of Severe Acute Liver Injury
 - Ichemic hepatitis
 - Acute biliary obstruction
 - Drug-Induced liver
Causes of Severe ... Liver Injury - Ichemic ... Severe #Acute #Causes ... #Differential #Hepatology
Elevated Liver Function Tests (LFTs) - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Mild (<100-500): 
 • NAFLD
 • Cirrhosis
 •
• NAFLD • Cirrhosis ... liver injury) • Ischemic ... Differential #Diagnosis #hepatology
CNS Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Clinical Manifestations: Demyelinating Syndrome, Headache, Movement disorders, Seizure disorders, Aseptic
autoantibodies that will cause ... ischemia and/or ... Puncture, EEG Treatment ... cyclophosphamide • Ischemic ... diagnosis #management #treatment