12 results
Classification of Jaundice
Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia (predominantly indirect bilirubin)
 • Increased bilirubin production (eg, hemolytic anemias, hemolytic reactions,
Classification of Jaundice ... drug reactions) Conjugated ... postoperative jaundice ... neoplasms #Jaundice ... Classification #diagnosis #conjugated
Jaundice - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pre-Hepatic - Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia
Increased Production
 • Hemolysis
 • Ineffective Erythropoiesis
 • Hematoma
Decreased
Jaundice - Differential ... II) Hepatic - Conjugated ... on Ultrasound Biliary ... Gallstones • Biliary ... Algorithm #Causes #Hepatology
Inherited Non-hemolytic Disorders of Hyperbilirubinemia 

== Disorders of Conjugation ==
Gilbert Syndrome:
 • 5-10% of the population
breastfeeding jaundice ... and breastmilk jaundice ... manifest only as jaundice ... #hepatology #diagnosis ... #gastroenterology
Liver Function Tests (LFTs) - Normal Values and Interpretation

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT/SGPT) - Liver, cardiac & skeletal
Function Tests (LFTs ... (GGT) - Liver, biliary ... (Conjugated/DBili ... ) - Biliary obstruction ... Interpretation #diagnosis #hepatology
Approach to Conjugated Hyperbilirubinemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

1. Definition: T.bili elevation + >20% conjugated
2. Obtain RUQ
Approach to Conjugated ... elevation + >20% conjugated ... Hyperbilirubinemia #direct #bilirubin ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #gastroenterology ... #hepatology
Liver Chemistry Tests - AST, ALT, Alkaline Phosphatase and Bilirubin Metabolism
AST and ALT:
 • AST: liver
Phosphatase and Bilirubin ... cytochromes) • Unconjugated ... MRP2 transports conjugated ... #Hepatology #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis #LFTs
The Liver Consult Primer - Guide to calling a consult
HPI:
 - Start with reason for consult
Important findings: jaundice ... - Vitals - LFTs ... Calling #Referral #Hepatology ... #Gastroenterology
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
Primary Biliary ... hyperpigmentation • Jaundice ... slightly elevated • Bilirubin ... No extrahepatic biliary ... diagnosis #workup #hepatology
Liver Chemistries - Interpretation of LFTs

R-value: Serum (ALT/ULN ALT) / (Alk phos/ULN ALP)
 • R >
Interpretation of LFTs ... week • Direct bilirubin ... blood cells Unconjugated ... #differential #Hepatology ... transaminitis #LFTs
Acute Liver Injury - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Vascular Causes of Acute Liver Injury: 
 • Hepatic vein:
Extrahepatic - Biliary ... - Obstruction: Biliary ... week • Direct bilirubin ... injury: ~ 1 Unconjugated ... diagnosis #algorithm #hepatology