23 results
Clinical Examination for Liver and Biliary Diseases
1) Hands: Clubbing, Dupuytren's contracture, Leuconychia, Bruising, Flapping tremor (hepatic
Examination for Liver ... and Biliary Diseases ... erythema 2) Face: Jaundice ... Xanthelasma and jaundiced ... Aspiration of ascitic
Diagnosis of ascites according to the serum ascites albumin gradient (SAAG)
SAAG ≥ 1.1:
 - Ascitic protein
Diagnosis of ascites ... SAAG ≥ 1.1: - Ascitic ... syndrome, Massive liver ... metastases - Ascitic ... syndrome SAAG < 1.1: Biliary
Jaundice - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pre-Hepatic - Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia
Increased Production
 • Hemolysis
 • Ineffective Erythropoiesis
 • Hematoma
Decreased
Jaundice - Differential ... Dilatation on Ultrasound ... Biliary Duct Compression ... Gallstones • Biliary ... Cholangitis #Jaundice
Ascites - Differential Diagnosis
Chronic liver disease (cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis) - 80%
Underlying malignancy - 10%
Congestive heart
Ascites - Differential ... Diagnosis Chronic liver ... Failure, Pancreatic, Biliary ... Chylous <1% #Ascites
Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy (AFLP)
Pathophysiology:
 • Defect in fetal free fatty acid metabolism products →
Acute Fatty Liver ... hepatocytes → Liver ... develops (DIC, ascites ... , jaundice, hypoglycemia ... Antithrombin Ill • Ultrasound
Causes of Ascites - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Portal Hypertension - Prehepatic:
 • Portal vein thrombosis
 • Splenic
Causes of Ascites ... disease • Acute liver ... failure • Primary biliary ... Hemoperitoneum • Chylous ascites ... amzn.to/2LmUODZ #Ascites
Mirizzi Syndrome on RUQ POCUS

Adult male-RUQ abd pain.VSS/Afeb. WBC-16.8K. Obstructive pattern on hepatic panel with normal
compression of biliary ... RUQ pain, fever, jaundice ... Mirizzi #Syndrome #Liver ... #POCUS #Ultrasound ... Clinical #Transverse #Biliary
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis - Diagnosis Algorithm
Symptoms: Fatigue, Pruritus, Right upper quadrant discomfort
Signs: Jaundice, Xanthelasmata, Hepatomegaly
Associated history:
Primary Biliary ... discomfort Signs: Jaundice ... Liver biopsy findings ... #PBC #Primary #Biliary
Drug Induced Liver Injury (DILI) - Stepwise Diagnosis Algorithm
DILI suspicion
Features toxic aetiology: Skin involvement, Kidney injury,
Drug Induced Liver ... Alcohol-related liver ... Benign/malignant biliary ... obstruction, Primary biliary ... disorder (e.g. ascites
Miliary Tuberculosis 
Hematogenous dissemination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis 
Clinical: 
 • Failure to thrive 
 • Fever
Miliary Tuberculosis ... Extrapulmonary Sites ... and joints • Liver ... Adrenal glands #Miliary