41 results
Clinical Examination for Liver and Biliary Diseases
1) Hands: Clubbing, Dupuytren's contracture, Leuconychia, Bruising, Flapping tremor (hepatic
Examination for Liver ... and Biliary Diseases ... Xanthelasma and jaundiced ... #physicalexam #cirrhosis ... #liver #disease
Portal Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis
Portal Pressure = the pressure difference between the pressure in the portal
- Differential ... sarcoidosis) • Liver ... metastasis • Fatty liver ... pregnancy • Primary biliary ... #Hypertension #Differential
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
Primary Biliary ... /Liver failure ... hyperpigmentation • Jaundice ... or higher • Liver ... bile ducts Differential
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis - Diagnosis Algorithm
Symptoms: Fatigue, Pruritus, Right upper quadrant discomfort
Signs: Jaundice, Xanthelasmata, Hepatomegaly
Associated history:
Primary Biliary ... Cirrhosis - Diagnosis ... discomfort Signs: Jaundice ... Liver biopsy findings ... #PBC #Primary #Biliary
Classification of Jaundice
Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia (predominantly indirect bilirubin)
 • Increased bilirubin production (eg, hemolytic anemias, hemolytic reactions,
Classification of Jaundice ... hepatitis, hepatic cirrhosis ... cirrhosis, sepsis ... postoperative jaundice ... #unconjugated #differential
Jaundice - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pre-Hepatic - Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia
Increased Production
 • Hemolysis
 • Ineffective Erythropoiesis
 • Hematoma
Decreased
Jaundice - Differential ... Dilatation on Ultrasound ... Gallstones • Biliary ... Cholangitis #Jaundice ... #Differential #
Causes of Ascites - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Portal Hypertension - Prehepatic:
 • Portal vein thrombosis
 • Splenic
Causes of Ascites - Differential ... - Hepatic: • Cirrhosis ... disease • Acute liver ... failure • Primary biliary ... 2LmUODZ #Ascites #Differential
Ascites - Differential Diagnosis
Chronic liver disease (cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis) - 80%
Underlying malignancy - 10%
Congestive heart
Ascites - Differential ... Diagnosis Chronic liver ... disease (cirrhosis ... failure - 3-5% Cirrhosis ... Failure, Pancreatic, Biliary
Common Etiologies of Cirrhosis

Inflammation

 - Hepatitis B (15 percent)

 - Hepatitis C (47 percent)

 - Schistosomiasis
Etiologies of Cirrhosis ... congenital - Primary biliary ... cirrhosis - α1 ... Nonalcoholic fatty liver ... #Diagnosis #Differential
Elevated Liver Enzymes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Severe ALT > 15x ULN
 • Viral
 • Drugs/Toxins
 •
Elevated Liver Enzymes ... - Differential ... disease US — Normal ... Infiltrative • Cirrhosis ... Duct Stone • Biliary