24 results
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
synthesized in: liver, bone ... • softening of bones ... of feet, thigh bones ... : Inhibitor of bone ... Skeletal: - Bone
Paget’s Disease: Complications
Abnormal Osteoclasts cause excessive bone turnover -> Incr bone resorption, Incr (abnormal) bone formation

MSK
Paget’s Disease: ... MSK • Deformed bones ... Lytic lesions make bones ... Nerve Palsies • Disordered ... of middle ear bones
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Hypercalcemia Low ... Granulomatous Disease ... Miscellaneous - Bone ... Hyperthyroid, Bony ... #causes #endocrinology
Pancytopenia - Workup and Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Consumption Disorders
 1. Autoimmune Mediated Pancytopenia
 2. Splenic Sequestration
Peripheral Destruction
Production - Flow ... cytometry, Bone ... Alcoholism Bone ... • Congenital bone ... Metastatic Disease
SAPHO Syndrome Summary

What?
SAPHO syndrome is a rare chronic inflammatory disorder of bone, joint, and skin characterized
of bone, joint, ... inflammation of the bones ... • Bone and joint ... Rule out other causes ... osteoarticular and skin disease
Pancytopenia - Workup and Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Consumption Disorders
 1. Autoimmune Mediated Pancytopenia
 2. Splenic Sequestration
Peripheral Destruction
Production - Flow ... cytometry, Bone ... Alcoholism Bone ... • Congenital bone ... Metastatic Disease
Pathologic / Fragility Fractures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm 
Tumours
 - See Bone Lesions Scheme
Paget's Disease
 -
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Tumours - See Bone ... • Bone Marrow ... Disorder • Endocrinopathy ... #Orthopedics #Causes
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Chronic diarrhea / IBD ... Pancreatitis - Hungry bones ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... Classification #Causes
Bilateral B-Lines in case of Pneumonia on Lung POCUS

Young healthy pt with fever/dyspnea. POCUS lung exam
Bilateral B-Lines in case ... POCUS lung exam done ... interstitial lung disease ... POCUS shows a lot ... Robert Jones @RJonesSonoEM
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

What?
Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
hypercellular bone ... megakaryocytic Bone ... Aplastic Anemia • Bone ... the blood and bone ... blood smear • Bone