59 results
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Algorithm Elevated PTH ... Hypercalcemia Low PTH ... Calcitriol (1,25 OH ... Solid Tumors: Lung
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Low and High PTH
LOW PTH - Hypoparathyroid
 - Congenital (Pediatric)
- Low and High PTH ... LOW PTH - Hypoparathyroid ... Hypomagnesemia HIGH PTH ... - 25-OH D very ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #PTH
Mechanism of malignancy-associated hypercalcemia. Abbreviations: 1,25(OH)2D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D; NHL, non-Hodgkin lymphoma; PTH, parathyroid hormone; PTHrP, PTH-related
Abbreviations: 1,25(OH ... non-Hodgkin lymphoma; PTH ... hormone; PTHrP, PTH-related
Calcium homeostasis is a process controlled by chiefly by hormones vitamin D and PTH. 
Vitamin D
vitamin D and PTH ... Both 25(OH)D and ... 1,25(OH)2D are ... PTH acts to increase ... #Homeostasis #PTH
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Low Serum Mg: GI losses, Renal losses, Alcoholism, Malnutrition, Drug-Induced
Drug-Induced • Intact PTH ... Pseudohypoparathyroidism (PTH ... resistance) • Intact PTH ... • Low Serum 25-OH
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
the setting of long-standing ... Malignancy • PTH-Related ... Breast, Kidney, Lung ... Conversion of 25-OH ... D3 to 1,25-(OH)
Bilateral B-Lines in case of Pneumonia on Lung POCUS

Young healthy pt with fever/dyspnea. POCUS lung exam
healthy pt with ... POCUS lung exam ... No PMH, immunosuppression ... Lung POCUS shows ... Lung POCUS invaluable
Dacrocytes (tear drop cells) 
Other poikilocytes resemble a pear or teardrop. The narrow, tapered end
may be
tapered end may be long ... #Clinical #Path
Hypercalcemia of Malignancy - Pathophysiology
PTH-mediated
 • Parathyroid cancer
 • Ectopic production: Small cell lung cancer, ovarian
Pathophysiology PTH-mediated ... production: Small cell lung ... Squamous Cell of lung
Hypercalcemia Evaluation
1) Clinical clues
 - Is the patient symptomatic?
 - Family history?
 - Have you done
2) PTH - Frankly ... PTHrp • 25 OH ... VitD & 1,25 OH