17 results
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic ... Diuretics (late) • High ... Renin-secreting tumor ... #Primary #Metabolic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Normal Acid-Base: Low ... • HTN, High Aldosterone ... Renin secreting tumor ... , Primary hyperaldosteronism ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypertensive: • High ... Al, Low R - Primary ... aldosteronism • High ... Renin-secreting tumor ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Diuretics (late) • High ... hyperaldosteronism • High ... Renin-secreting tumor ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology
Primary Orthostatic Tremor

Primary ‘Shaky legs’ syndrome. High frequency oscillograph legs on standing. This video demonstrates closeup
Tremor Primary ... ‘Shaky legs’ syndrome ... closeup look at the foot ... #clinical #video ... #physicalexam #neurology
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
, Tumor genesis ... • Normal or High ... PTH: Primary or ... • Normal or Low ... Workup #phosphate #nephrology
Lower Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes
Reflexes: 
 • Knee - L2, L3, L4
 • Ankle - S1
and Myotomes Reflexes ... : • Knee - L2 ... • Cauda Equina Syndrome ... - Low back pain ... Myotomes #diagnosis #neurology
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Appropriately Low Kidney Phosphate Excretion:
 • Decreased GI Absorption: Chronic Diarrhea, Antacids,
Appropriately Low ... Respiratory Alkalosis, Tumor ... Inappropriately High ... • N Vitamin D: Primary ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
losses: • High ... Renin secreting tumor ... ↑ Aldosterone: Primary ... differential #potassium #nephrology ... #low
Primary Orthostatic Tremor

Primary ‘Shaky legs’ syndrome. High frequency oscillograph legs on standing. Note the fluttering of
Tremor Primary ... ‘Shaky legs’ syndrome ... High frequency oscillograph ... #clinical #video ... #physicalexam #neurology