70 results
Granular & “Muddy Brown” Casts on Urine Microscopy
A. Finely granular cast B. slightly coarser granular cast
“Muddy Brown” Casts ... Finely granular cast ... coarser granular cast ... appreciated at low ... Microscopy #Clinical #Nephrology
Differentiation Between Nephrotic Syndrome and Nephritic Syndrome 
== Nephrotic Syndrome ==
Onset - Insidious 
Edema - ++++
Blood
pressure - Normal/low ... Red blood cell casts ... Serum albumin - Low ... Red blood cell casts ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology
Algorithmic Approach to Acute Interstitial Nephritis
When to suspect AIN? (not sensitive)
 • AKI, AKD, rapidly progressive
Algorithmic Approach ... sterile pyuria, WBC casts ... proteinuria, granular casts ... Nephritis #AIN #Algorithm ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
and Diagnosis Algorithm ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... → Refer to Nephrology ... Hematuria #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Workup #urology
Algorithm for diagnostic evaluation of patients with kidney cysts and polycystic kidney disease

#polycystic #kidney #disease #cysts
Algorithm for diagnostic ... patients with kidney cysts ... kidney #disease #cysts ... #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #ADPKD #nephrology
True Hyponatremia Differential Algorithm

Instead (or in addition) of volume status examination, check urine sodium and serum
Hyponatremia Differential Algorithm ... - Urine sodium low ... and uric acid low ... #Differential #Algorithm ... #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
hematuria (RBC casts ... Syndrome #Comparison #Algorithm ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Uric Acid - Low ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology #sodium ... #low #uricacid
Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis of Macroscopic Hematuria
Important Historical Elements:
- Painless: suggests malignancy
- Painful: suggests calculi/infection
- Urinalysis:
Algorithm and Differential ... RBC’s, RBC/WBC casts ... Diagnosis #EM #IM #Urology ... #Differential #Algorithm
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Normal Acid-Base: Low ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... causes #potassium #low ... #nephrology