254 results
Hypo-osmolar Hypotonic HypoNatremia Algorithm (Serum Na+ < 135 meq/L, serum Osm < 275 mosm/kg)
Assess Volume Status,
Hypotonic HypoNatremia Algorithm ... Na+ < 135 meq/L, ... #Hyponatremia #Algorithm ... #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Hyponatremia Diagnosis Algorithm
UOsm ≥ POsm - Vasopressin-Dependent
 • UNa < 20 mEq/L - Appropriate (↓ EABV)
Hyponatremia Diagnosis Algorithm ... • UNa < 20 mEq/L ... • UNa > 30mEq/L ... #differential #algorithm ... #causes #nephrology
Action potential
a, adrenergic receptor
Heart, glands, smooth muscle
Inactivated:
by #MAO
by #COMT
Capillary
Diffusion into blood (raises NE in blood)
Activates
Inhibits
Adrenal medulla
#L-tyrosine
Varicosities
Epinephrine
Bloodstream
Inactivated
Adrenal medulla #L-tyrosine ... MAO) Ca NE #L-dopa
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Polyuria = >3L Urine output / 24 hours
Urine osmolality = 2 (Na
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... osmolality = 2 (Na meq/L ... + K meq/L] + [BUN ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
OSMOLALITY 285-295 mmol/L ... OSMOLALITY < 285 mmol/L ... OSMOLALITY > 295 mmol/L ... Diagnosis #Workup #Algorithm ... #Nephrology
Algorithmic Approach to the Patient with Azotemia

#Azotemia #AKI #Nephrology #Diagnosis #Differential #Algorithm #Management
Algorithmic Approach ... Azotemia #AKI #Nephrology ... #Differential #Algorithm
Kidney Biopsy - Diagnosis Algorithms
1) Normal Glomerulus by LM
2) Glomerular Crescents
3) Double Contours of GBM
4) Endocapillary
Biopsy - Diagnosis Algorithms ... renal #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology #pathology
Hyperglycemic Crisis - Algorithm for DKA/HHS

Diagnostic criteria for DKA:
 • pH < 7.3
 • Anion gap
Hyperglycemic Crisis - Algorithm ... Anion gap > 10 mEq/L ... Bicarb < 18 mEq/L ... Bicarb> 18 mEq/L ... Hyperglycemic #Crisis #Algorithm
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm ... Drugs • PHA type l/ ... Hyperkalemia #Diagnosis #algorithm ... #nephrology #potassium
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Sodium >145 mmol/L ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm