116 results
Urine Microscopy and Casts - Image Atlas Key

- Squamous Epithelial Casts
- Transitional Epithelial Cells
- Renal Tubular
Hyaline Cast - WBCs ... - Monomorphic RBCs ... - Dysmorphic RBCs ... Granular Casts - WBC ... Cast - RBC Cast
Causes of Anemia with Normal Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased WBCs
 - Decreased/NormaI
Normal/lncreased WBCs ... Macrocytes, Normal RBCs ... Polychromatic Macrocytes, RBC ... Spherocytes, RBC ... ) - Abnormal RBCs
Overall Approach to Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Blood Loss
 • Acute Bleed - Normocytic / Normochromic
/ Normochromic RBCs ... TIBC, Hypochromic RBCs ... Decreased RBC ... Thalassemia • RBC ... Disorder • RBC
The differential diagnosis for an elevated MCHC (mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration) includes:

Conditions with Abnormal RBCs:
 •
with Abnormal RBCs ... : • Abnormal RBC ... Xerocytosis • RBC
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Urinalysis >3 RBCs ... of UTI, urine WBCs ... (proteinuria, RBC ... casts, dysmorphic RBCs
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
glomerular hematuria (RBC ... or dysmorphic RBCs
Red cell autoagglutination is the process whereby red cells clump together forming aggregates. This is seen
red blood cells (RBCs ... serum due to the RBCs ... Smear #Microscopy #RBC
Pathologic Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphologies and Associated Diseases

Acanthocyte (spur cell),  
Basophilic stippling, 
Bite cell,
Red Blood Cell (RBC ... spur cell), Basophilic ... cell, Other RBC ... Howell-Jolly bodies #RBC
Red cell autoagglutination is the process whereby red cells clump together forming aggregates. This is seen
red blood cells (RBCs ... serum due to the RBCs ... Smear #Microscopy #RBC
Pathophysiology of Hemolytic Anemia
 - Defects in RBC internal contents (thalassemia, hemoglobinopathies, and metabolic defects)
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- Defects in RBC ... - Defects in RBC ... Defects in the RBC's