2228 results
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
dysfunction • Abnormal reflexes ... : Areflexia UMN ... plantar response LMN ... differential #algorithm
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary
ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
, LMN and brainstem ... atrophy, with pure LMN ... Increased Jaw Jerk reflex ... and LMN signs on ... EMG: LMN Signs in
Upper Motor Neuron (UMN) lesions are lesions occurring anywhere in the CNS from the brain up
motor neuron (LMN ... disorders may mimic an LMN ... In an LMN lesion ... positive Babinski reflex ... #LMN #Muscleweakness
Incomplete spinal cord syndromes (ISCS)
 • Central - Small Lesion - Suspended sensory deficit, classic cape
lower extremities, LMN ... small band of LMN ... paraparesis (mixed UMN ... and LMN types) ... weakness (purely LMN
Bilateral LMN palsy with tongue weakness, wasting and fasciculations.  →  Bulbar motor Neuron disease

Note
Bilateral LMN palsy ... differentiates this from an UMN ... fasciculations #LMN
Pediatric Primitive Reflexes - Maneuver and Ages

Palmar Grasp Reflex
 - Place your fingers into the baby's
Pediatric Primitive Reflexes ... Palmar Grasp Reflex ... Rooting Reflex ... Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex ... #Primitive #Reflexes
Generalized Weakness - Differential Diagnosis Framework
"l feel weak":
 • Infectious: Influenza, EBV, PNA, Bacteremia, Sepsis
 •
Infection • Neuro: UMN ... stroke, tumor), LMN
Kidney Biopsy - Diagnosis Algorithms
1) Normal Glomerulus by LM
2) Glomerular Crescents
3) Double Contours of GBM
4) Endocapillary
Biopsy - Diagnosis Algorithms ... Glomerulus by LM ... renal #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Hoffmann's Reflex on Physical Exam
The Hoffmann's reflex itself involves loosely holding the middle finger and flicking
Hoffmann's Reflex ... The Hoffmann's reflex ... positive Hoffmann’s reflex ... #Hoffmanns #Reflex ... clinical #neurology #UMN
Positive Hoffmann's sign (finger flexor reflex) in a patient with Multiple Sclerosis

The Hoffmann's reflex test itself
(finger flexor reflex ... The Hoffmann's reflex ... positive Hoffmann’s reflex ... diseases, the reflexes ... Hoffmanns #Hoffmans #Reflex