11 results
Causes of Hypermagnesemia
Increased magnesium load
 - Magnesium-containing laxatives, antacids, or enemas
 - Treatment of pre-edampsia/eclampsia (mothers
Causes of Hypermagnesemia ... Increased magnesium load ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... Addison's disease) #Hypermagnesemia
Torsades de Pointes
• "Twisting of the pointes" 
• QRS axis swings from positive to negative direction
direction single lead ... abnormaüties Hypomagnesemia ... Hypokalemia
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Increased extracellular K+:
 • Tissue injury
 • Hemolysis
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 •
Causes of HyperKalemia ... iatrogenic K+ load ... blockers - MCW Nephrology ... MCW_Nephrology #HyperKalemia
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic ... Increased potassium load ... • Type 1 #Hyperkalemia ... Diagnosis #algorithm #nephrology
Recurrent Polymorphic VT/Torsades de Pointes - Management Algorithm
Drugs that prolong QT interval:
 • Class 1a (quinidine,
Hypokalemia ... sulfate • Adult load ... infusion after load ... • Pediatric load ... evidence • Load
Hypermagnesemia - Diagnosis and Management

Hypermagnesemia is a serum magnesium concentration > 2.6 mg/dL.
Symptoms include hyporeflexia, hypotension,
Hypermagnesemia ... Management Hypermagnesemia ... Increased magnesium load ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... Management #magnesium #nephrology
Ptosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Ptosis (Greek- to fall) Drooping of the upper eyelid that usually results
Neurogenic Ptosis - Neurologic ... brainstem may lead ... Enophthalmos • Lid ... Syndrome #Ptosis #neurology ... Differential #Diagnosis #ophthalmology
Possible Causes of Altered Urine Color 

Red 
    Foods: beets, blackberries, rhubarb
Altered Urine Color ... Toxins: lead ... Differential #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Causes Abnormal Urine Color - Differential Diagnosis
Turbid White Urine (Albinuria):
 • Chyluria, Filariasis, Schistosomiasis, Malignancy, Phosphaturia,
Abnormal Urine Color ... Tuberculosis, Piuria, Lead ... Abnormal #Urine #Color ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology
KDIGO Treatment algorithm for management of acute hyperkalemia in the emergency department
 • Place on cardiac
management of acute hyperkalemia ... cardiac monitor 12-lead ... Consider dialysis #hyperkalemia ... potassium #high #nephrology