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differential algorithm causes metabolic potassium hypokalemia syndrome chloride gitelman hyperkalemia low nongap pathophysiology urine workup abg acid acidbase acidosis aniongap
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
- Differential Diagnosis ... intake, Diuretics ... (late) • High ... Urine Cl-: Diuretics ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
- Differential Diagnosis ... intake, Diuretics ... (late) • High ... Urine Cl-: Diuretics ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Diuretics - Pharmacology Thiazides diuretics: • Inhibit Na+ Cl- cotransporter in distal tubule • Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide,
Diuretics - Pharmacology ... • Inhibit Na+ Cl ... loss through the nephron ... #Pharmacology # ... nephrology #conversion
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
loop or thiazide diuretics ... pressure: Active diuretic ... to diarrhea, a high ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #diagnosis
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypertensive: • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis ... Al, High R - Secondary ... >20 mEq/24 h - Diuretics ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
• Metabolic alkalosis ... disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... Inhibitors of Na+K+2Cl ... ; High-Ceiling Diuretics ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm GI Losses - Gastric • Vomiting • NG suction GI
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis ... - Differential Diagnosis ... tubular transport • Diuretics ... MetabolicAlkalosis #NonGap #Nephrology ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
. ↑ Nacl delivery ... to distal nephron ... Hypokalemia Metabolic alkalosis ... Pathophysiology #nephrology ... #diagnosis
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
- Differential Diagnosis ... intake, Diuretics ... (late) • High ... Urine Cl-: Diuretics ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
- Differential Diagnosis ... Glucose, Acute resp. alkalosis ... • Normal or High ... Inh., Osmotic diuresis ... Workup #phosphate #nephrology
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