32 results
Anatomical Directions

Left/Right: the patient's left/right

Anterior/Ventral: front, or towards the patient's front

Posterior/Dorsal: back, or towards the rear
patient's left/right Anterior ... Cephalad: towards the head ... Proximal: nearer the centre ... away from the centre ... Anatomical #Directions #Anatomy
HINTS Exam - Normal Head Impulse Test = Central Cause

This patient as a normal head impulse
Exam - Normal Head ... Cause This patient ... as a normal head ... cause of vertigo ... Clinical #Video #Neurology
The head impulse test (HIT) result is positive (abnormal) in nearly all patients with a peripheral
The head impulse ... with a peripheral cause ... patients with a central ... cause of AVS. ... #PhysicalExam #Neurology
Hypothalamus Anatomy and Hypothalamic Nuclei
 • Anterior hypothalamic nucleus - Body temperature, thermal regulation (heat dissipation),
Hypothalamus Anatomy ... Hypothalamic Nuclei • Anterior ... oxytocin, destruction causes ... #Hypothalamus #Anatomy ... #Nuclei #neurology
Diagnostic Algorithm for Dizziness and Vertigo
Peripheral Vertigo:
 • Attacks: Sudden, severe, can last anywhere from seconds
Varies • No neurologic ... may be present Central ... with vascular causes ... Can worsen with head ... positional episodes caused
Vision Loss - Differential Diagnosis
Chronic: 
  - Cornea: Scarring, Edema
  - Lens: Cataracts
Cataracts - Macula: Macular ... Corneal Abrasion, Anterior ... Retinal Detachment, Central ... Artery Occlusion, Central ... Differential #Diagnosis #causes
Transient Monocular Vision loss - Differential Diagnosis
Ischemia	
 - Large artery disease (atherothrombosis, embolus, dissection).
  -
occlusive disease (anterior ... Caused by decreased ... Ocular causes - ... closure glaucoma), anterior ... floaters obscuring central
Causes of Peripheral and Central Vertigo
PERIPHERAL VERTIGO
1. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) - Short-lived (typically less
Causes of Peripheral ... and Central Vertigo ... CENTRAL VERTIGO ... Occlusion of posterior inferior ... #Vertigo #Causes
Lateral Medullary Syndrome - Wallenberg's Syndrome
Acute continuous vertigo due to Posterior Circulation Stroke (usually Posterior Inferior
usually Posterior Inferior ... Clinical Findings: • Nausea ... Ipsilateral ataxia - Inferior ... Palatal myoclonus - Central ... #Wallenbergs #neurology
Blurry Vision - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Anatomical Approach to Eye Disease:
1. Lids/Lashes
2. Extraocular Muscles/Motility
3. Conjunctiva/Sclera
4. Cornea
5. Anterior
Anterior Chamber ... Ocular Adverse Effects ... retinopathy • Central ... poisoning • Central ... ophthalmology #causes