14 results
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Causes of High-anion ... • Lactic acidosis ... Renal failure (acute ... #nephrology
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Increased extracellular K+:
 • Tissue injury
 • Hemolysis
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 •
Causes of HyperKalemia ... K+: • Tissue injury ... • Metabolic acidosis ... glycosides • High ... acute iatrogenic
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in Patients with Cancer 

Cancer Related 
• Hypercalcemia 
• Intravenous contrast 
•
Acute Kidney Injury ... Cancer Related • Hypercalcemia ... malignancies Treatment ... Differential #Diagnosis #Classification ... #Nephrology
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
liver or renal injury ... before beginning treatment ... cardiac output - Acute ... peritonitis - Acute ... #typea #typeb #classification
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... • Trauma/Crush injury ... - Metabolic acidosis ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... • Trauma/Crush injury ... - Metabolic acidosis ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Weakness, cramping, nausea ... Redistribution: Acidosis ... , rhabdo/crush injury ... only if no clear cause ... #potassium #nephrology
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
sodium lactate NOT lactic ... states such as acute ... Is Dangerous in Hyperkalemia ... densa receives high ... • Saline May Cause
KDIGO Treatment algorithm for management of acute hyperkalemia in the emergency department
 • Place on cardiac
KDIGO Treatment ... management of acute ... bicarbonate if acidosis ... #potassium #high ... #nephrology #KDIGO
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
sweat Heat Injury ... High body temperatures ... Possible DIC - Mild lactic ... Hypocalcemia - Hyperkalemia ... differential #diagnosis #causes