54 results
Risk Factors and Signs of Copper Deficiency
Risk Factors:
 • Gastrointestinal: Previous upper bowel resection/bariatric surgery, Inflammatory
Chronic diarrhoea, Short ... Total parenteral nutrition ... /jejunal nutrition ... #riskfactors #symptoms ... #nutrition
Osteoporosis: Pathogenesis and risk factors

 • Age > 30 (post-peak bone mass)
 • Post-menopausal women ->
decr activity, nutrition ... #Osteoporosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
initiation of nutrition ... overload) Other Symptoms ... Refeeding #Syndrome #Nutrition ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Meralgia paresthetica: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Compression/injury of Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve (LFCN) -> Meralgia paresthetica
 •
paresthetica • Symptoms ... 3-6 months of symptom ... mass Sensory Symptoms ... MeralgiaParesthetica #MSK #pathophysiology ... #differential #
Clinically Important Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency States
Fat-soluble Vitamins: 
 • Vitamin A - Xerophthalmia, night blindness,
Vitamins #Deficiency #differential ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms ... #nutrition
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Hypokalemia - Differential ... K-ATPase which imports ... #Hypokalemia #Differential ... potassium #low #pathophysiology
Pathyophysiology - hyperglycemic crises in patients with diabetes 
Key signs/symptoms of HHS/DKA:
Both: Polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss,
Pathyophysiology ... diabetes Key signs/symptoms ... hypotension) DKA: Short
Scurvy (Vitamin C Deficiency) - Diagnosis and Management

Vitamin C is required for hydroxylation of proline residues
persons with poor nutrition ... musculoskeletal symptoms ... Psychiatric symptoms ... #AscorbicAcid #Pathophysiology ... #Nutrition #Diagnosis
Prader-Willi Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Maternal uniparental disomy: inheriting 2 copies of maternal chromosome
Syndrome Signs/Symptoms ... fractures • Short ... Syndrome #genetics #pathophysiology
Feedback Loop: Growth Hormone (GH)
Growth Hormone:
 • Liver -> GHR activates JAK-STAT pathway -> Incr IGF1
lipolysis Signs/Symptoms ... deficiency: - Short ... endocrinology #pathophysiology