12 results
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup ... and Diagnosis Algorithm ... repeat testing • Acute ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... #Workup #urology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Diagnosis Framework ... Immune mediated injury ... : - RBC casts ... → Diagnostic of ... #nephrology #renal
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
microscopy • Red cell casts ... • White cell casts ... infection • Hyaline casts ... disease • Granular casts ... #nephrology #casts
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
Kidney Injury ( ... PROBLEM ~80% of AKI cases ... IMPROVEMENT If the urine ... for WBCs, RBCs, casts ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... - AKI Workup Algorithm ... and Differential Diagnosis ... osmolarity If cause ... #nephrology #causes
TTP - Laboratory Evaluation for Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Activity of von Willebrand factor-cleaving protease activity - A
Fibrin degradation products ... decrease in most cases ... proteinuria and hematuria ... (without casts) ... #Workup #Hematology
Pulmonary Renal Syndromes - OnePager Summary
Autoimmune ANCA vasculitis (AAV): GPA (granulomatous with polyangiitis), EGPA (eosinophilic granulomatosis
mononeuritis multiplex WORKUP ... quantify renal injury ... : UA, Urine protein ... Goodpasture's cause ... , RBC casts, low
Blood Product Transfusions One Pager Summary
Type and screen - determines blood type and detects in recipient
- Acute Hemolytic ... flank pain, dark urine ... Lung Injury (TRALI ... #Transfusions #diagnosis ... #management #hematology
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

Definition:
• Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment.
• Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
hepatitis, or acute ... , no hematuria/proteinuria ... (no casts, protein ... essential in all cases ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Blood Transfusion Reactions

Immune Mediated:
 • Febrile Non-Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (FNHTR): Most common immune reaction to transfusion.
Acute Hemolytic ... flank pain, dark urine ... Lung Injury (TRALI ... #Transfusion #diagnosis ... #management #hematology