11 results
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Reflex Testing - ... , Acute spinal cord ... injury Generalized ... Hyporeflexia: • Hypercalcemia ... injury, Early ALS
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Management Summary Causes ... - Compartment syndrome ... Monitor potassium ... Diagnosis #Management #causes ... #treatment #nephrology
Lesions of the Spinal cord - Spinal Cord Syndromes

Spinal cord lesions can result in permanent neurologic
- Spinal Cord Syndromes ... Causes of spinal ... involved) - Tendon reflex ... in deep tendon reflexes ... differential #diagnosis #neurology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary

Trauma:
 • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury
Exertional:
 •
, Compartment syndrome ... Monitor potassium ... Dialysis for severe hyperkalemia ... Management #Summary #causes ... #treatment
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• Trauma/Crush injury ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• Trauma/Crush injury ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high ... #nephrology
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
- Emergency Causes ... Diagnosis: • Spinal cord ... spondylitis • Tethered cord ... axial T1 and T2 Treatment ... #neurology
Orthopedic Emergencies
Compartment Syndrome
 • An increase in compartment pressure to the point where tissue perfusion is
Syndrome caused ... after an acute injury ... loss of spinal cord ... function and reflex ... level of spinal cord
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
below the site of injury ... below the site of injury ... Causes: 1. ... MCTD, Sjogren syndrome ... dysfunction • Abnormal reflexes
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Weakness, cramping, nausea ... , rhabdo/crush injury ... only if no clear cause ... Redistribution Treatments ... #potassium #nephrology