9 results
Differential Diagnosis of Syncope
First, is it syncope? History is very important for distinguishing syncope from other
Ask about precipitating ... events, prodromal symptoms ... their associated symptoms ... Diagnosis #EM #Neuro #IM ... #Differential #Algorithm
Pathyophysiology - hyperglycemic crises in patients with diabetes 
Key signs/symptoms of HHS/DKA:
Both: Polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss,
Pathyophysiology ... hyperglycemic crises ... diabetes Key signs/symptoms ... altered mental status ... Pathophys #EM #IM
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Hyponatremia:
1) Identification of onset (acute vs. chronic)
2) Presence of symptoms (HA,
2) Presence of symptoms ... (HA, nausea, confusion ... Assessment of volume status ... Diagnosis #EM #IM ... #Differential #Algorithm
Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

 • Primary (Idiopathic): Unknown etiology, but associated
, humeral head fracture ... a stroke that caused ... FrozenShoulder #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #symptoms ... #staging #msk
Trendelenburg Gait: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Skeletal Pathology of the Hip
 • Arthritis
 • Congenital hip dysplasia
Greater Trochanter Fracture ... Trendelenburg #Gait #pathophysiology ... #causes #symptoms ... signs #diagnosis #msk
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
findings: • Symptoms ... compression by fractured ... Non-compressive Spinal Cord Causes ... hypercoagulable states ... differential #algorithm
Fracture Healing (and disruptors of this process)
Inflammatory Stage (0-7d)
 • Fracture disrupts local blood vessels ->
Inflammatory Stage ... site Soft Callus Stage ... Fluoroquinolones - Causes ... #msk #Staging # ... pathophysiology
Paget’s Disease: Complications
Abnormal Osteoclasts cause excessive bone turnover -> Incr bone resorption, Incr (abnormal) bone formation

MSK
bone formation MSK ... -> Pathologic fractures ... Nephrolithiasis (Kidney Stones ... PagetsDisease #pathophysiology ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms
Transverse Myelitis Overview

Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
peaks between the ages ... 10-33% develop MS ... monophasic Pathophysiology ... Bilateral signs and/or symptoms ... • Infectious causes