16 results
Characteristics of Commonly Used Phosphate Binders 
Aluminum 
 - Potent and effective 
 - Useful for
Inexpensive - Treats hypocalcemia ... Lower risk of hypercalcemia ... range - Lack of hypercalcemia ... requirements - Lack of hypercalcemia ... range - Lack of hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia Workup and Differential Diagnosis Framework
1) Determine whether PTH-dependent
2) Assess for other hormonal causes
3) Assess for
Hypercalcemia Workup ... Determine whether PTH-dependent ... other hormonal causes ... uw_IMresidency #Hypercalcemia ... Diagnosis #algorithm #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Hypercalcemia - ... Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia ... Thiazides/Lithium #Hypercalcemia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #endocrinology
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Effect in Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium - Net Effect Hypercalcemia:
   ↑ intestinal
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH ... Calcium - Net Effect Hypercalcemia ... Parathyroid #Hormone #PTH ... Calcium #Phosphorus #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Trousseau's Sign of Hypocalcemia on Physical Exam

Carpopedal spasm caused by ischemia induced by an inflated blood
Trousseau's Sign of Hypocalcemia ... Carpopedal spasm caused ... hyperextension of the fingers ... #PhysicalExam #Hypocalcemia ... clinical #video #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia Evaluation
1) Clinical clues
 - Is the patient symptomatic?
 - Family history?
 - Have you done
Hypercalcemia Evaluation ... 1) Clinical clues ... 2) PTH - Frankly ... BrighamChiefs #Hypercalcemia ... differential #diagnosis #endocrinology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Management Summary Causes ... Hyperphosphatemia • Hypocalcemia ... /Late - Hypercalcemia ... fluid/Lactated ringers ... #treatment #nephrology
Hypercalcemia - Hormones and Pathophysiology  
Calcitriol:
 • Bones: Enhances mineralization
 • GI Tract: ↑ Ca2+
Hypercalcemia - ... Hormones and Pathophysiology ... Ca2+, ↑ PO4- PTH ... +, ↓ PO4- #Hypercalcemia ... #endocrinology
Causes of Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis
Decreased calcium absorption
 • Vitamin D deficiency
    -
Causes of Hypocalcemia ... secretion, PTH ... Rhabdomyolysis #Hypocalcemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #endocrinology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Causes of Secondary ... disorders including hypokalemia ... Vasculitis • Endocrinologic ... Hyperthyroidism, Hypercalcemia ... apnea: CPAP, most pts