21 results
Localization of Renal Tubular Defects
Fanconi Syndrome: Proximal tubule
Bartter Syndrome: Thick ascending loop of Henle
Gitelman Syndrome: Distal
Localization of Renal ... Proximal tubule Bartter ... #Fanconi #Bartter ... Nephron #Defects #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Algorithm Extra-renal ... loss (Diarrhea) Renal ... thiazide diuretics, Bartter ... syndrom, Vomiting ... potassium #low #nephrology
Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis
Renal Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Familial:
Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, Isolated recessive hypomagnesemia,
Differential Diagnosis Renal ... Hypomagnesemia - Familial: Bartter ... syndrome and Gitelman ... syndrome, Isolated ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Cl-: Diuretics, Bartter ... Syndrome, Gitelman ... Syndrome Volume ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Cl-: Diuretics, Bartter ... Syndrome, Gitelman ... Syndrome Volume ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology
Mechanisms of nephron damage in cardiorenal syndrome
 • Increased renal interstitial pressure
 • Hypoperfusion
 • Reduced
in cardiorenal syndrome ... • Increased renal ... #cardiorenal #syndrome ... #Mechanisms #pathophysiology ... #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
gastrointestinal K loss • Renal ... hypokalemia • Renal ... • Diuretics, Bartter's ... syndrome, Gitelman's ... algorithm #causes #nephrology
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
Epithelial Cells Renal ... acid transporter Bartter ... syndrome - Na-K ... receptor Distal renal ... Defects #Kidney #Nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
suggests extra-renal ... Emesis, Diuretics, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman ... syndrome - ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Hepatorenal Syndrome Diagnosis
 • ↑ in serum Cr of ≥ 0.3mg/dL above baseline
Hepatorenal Syndrome ... significantly improve renal ... responsiveness (the latter ... #Hepatorenal #Syndrome ... diagnosis #HRS #nephrology