2893 results
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
Lactated Ringers ... mEq/L • Sodium lactate ... mEq • Sodium Lactate ... shift • Saline Causes ... • Saline May Cause
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
Causes of Lactate ... The most common causes ... - Many other causes ... Causes of elevated ... Causes of Lactate
GOLDMARK - Mnemonic for Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
G - Glycols
O - Oxoproline
L - L-Lactate
D - D-Lactate
M
Oxoproline L - L-Lactate ... D - D-Lactate ... #differential #causes
Considerations for Crystalloids - 0.9% NS vs LR vs Plasma-Lyte
 - Causes hyperkalemia?
 - Safe to
Plasma-Lyte - Causes ... - Causes lactic ... - Serum lactate ... - Can cause a NAGMA
High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis - GOLDMARK

Glycols - ethylene and propylene glycol
Oxoproline
acetaminophen use L-lactate ... metabolism D-lactate ... salicylate toxicity causes
Intraoperative Sepsis - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia

Severe sepsis (hypotension persisting after initial fluid challenge of
30ml.kg-1 or blood lactate ... likely underlying cause ... including blood gas, lactate ... devices could have caused ... Check serial lactates
High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA) - Mnemonics
Why should we switch from MUDPILES to GOLDMARK?
 •
toxins that can cause ... recognized as causes ... of AGMA: 1) D-lactate
Toxic Alcohol Ingestion: Isopropyl Alcohol
General concepts for toxic alcohols:
• Parent compounds (not metabolites) cause high osmolal
not metabolites) cause ... pyruvate converts to lactate ... --> causes lactic
Causes of Pediatric Diarrhea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Infectious:
 • Viral
 • Bacterial
 • Parasitic
Malabsorption:
 • Lactase
Causes of Pediatric ... Malabsorption: • Lactase ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
dosing) L L-lactate ... common form of lactate ... ) D D-lactate ... Acetazolamide Causes ... - Salicylates Causes