35 results
Causes of Anemia with elevated Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Blood Smear
 •
Diagnosis Algorithm Normal ... Myelodysplastic Syndromes ... Target Cells, Normal ... WBCs - Normal ... Deficiency - Abnormal
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Extra-renal Losses: • Normal ... Renin secreting tumor ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Adie's Pupil
What? Unknown nature & benign
 • Regular and mildly dilated pupil (4-6mm);
 • Light-near dissociaton;
reexposed to light; • Normal ... Holmes-Adie Syndrome ... Young females Differential ... Ill Palsy - abnormal ... #neurology #ophthalmology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... Renin-secreting tumor ... Hyperplasia • Normal ... Al, Normal R - ... #causes #low #potassium
Hirsutism & Virilization - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADRENAL EXCESS
Ovarian
 • Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
 • Hyperthecosis
 • Tumor
Adrenal
Virilization - Differential ... Tumor Low Serum ... Idiopathic Hirsutism - Normal ... #Virilization #Differential ... endocrinology #causes
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
, Tumor genesis ... Renal Losses: • Normal ... Estrogen based Rx • Normal ... ADHR, XLHR - Normal ... or Low FGF-23:
Laboratory Evaluation of Patients for Thyroid Disease 
Hyperthyroidism:
 • Graves disease - TSH low; free T4
high; in some cases ... or high; normal ... increased uptake in tumor ... Euthyroid sick syndrome ... #hyperthyroid #differential
The Neurological Evaluation of a Comatose Patient

Definition:
 • Coma: a state of unresponsiveness; the absence of
consciousness Differential ... etiology of coma Abnormal ... movements; also normal ... flexion withdrawal, abnormal ... decortication), abnormal
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Renin secreting tumor ... consumption • Low ... /Normal Blood Pressure ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #low
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
Renin secreting tumor ... Low-normal EABV ... • Distal RTA Low-normal ... urine #potassium #differential ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology