21 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Extra-renal Losses: • Normal ... Renin secreting tumor ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... Renin-secreting tumor ... Hyperplasia • Normal ... Al, Normal R - ... #causes #low #potassium
Adie's Pupil
What? Unknown nature & benign
 • Regular and mildly dilated pupil (4-6mm);
 • Light-near dissociaton;
Holmes-Adie Syndrome ... Young females Differential ... dissociation • Other causes ... #Adies #Pupil #PhysicalExam ... #neurology #ophthalmology
Hirsutism & Virilization - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADRENAL EXCESS
Ovarian
 • Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
 • Hyperthecosis
 • Tumor
Adrenal
Virilization - Differential ... Tumor Low Serum ... Idiopathic Hirsutism - Normal ... #Virilization #Differential ... endocrinology #causes
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential ... Renin-secreting tumor ... Metabolic #Alkalosis #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Causes
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
Hypophosphatemia - Differential ... , Tumor genesis ... or Low PTH: ... or Low FGF-23: ... Workup #phosphate #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Causes of Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... Renin-Secreting Tumor ... Licorice • Liddle's Syndrome ... #Differential #
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Renin secreting tumor ... consumption • Low ... /Normal Blood Pressure ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #low
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
Renin secreting tumor ... Low-normal EABV ... • Distal RTA Low-normal ... urine #potassium #differential ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Laboratory Evaluation of Patients for Thyroid Disease 
Hyperthyroidism:
 • Graves disease - TSH low; free T4
disease - TSH low ... high; in some cases ... increased uptake in tumor ... Euthyroid sick syndrome ... #hyperthyroid #differential