17 results
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
Renin secreting tumor ... Liddle syndrome Low-normal ... • Distal RTA Low-normal ... HCO3- • Low Urine ... #potassium #differential
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... Renin-secreting tumor ... Hyperplasia • Normal ... Al, Normal R - ... #causes #low #potassium
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
transfusion • Tumor ... Nephropathy Renin Normal ... , Renin High: ... hypoplasia Aldosterone high ... #potassium #differential
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Extra-renal Losses: • Normal ... Syndrome • HTN, High ... Renin secreting tumor ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential ... • Serum K high ... - Diarrhea - High ... Metabolic #NAGMA #Differential ... Diagnosis #Workup #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Urine Cl-: Vomiting ... Diuretics (late) • High ... Urine Cl-: Diuretics ... Renin-secreting tumor ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
urinary losses: • High ... /Normal Blood Pressure ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology ... #low
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential ... Urine Cl-: Vomiting ... Diuretics (late) • High ... Urine Cl-: Diuretics ... Renin-secreting tumor
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
Hypophosphatemia - Differential ... leukemia Measure Urine ... bone syndrome, Tumor ... or Low PTH: ... or Low FGF-23:
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
/low blood pressure ... high in kidney ... of sodium and potassium ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #