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Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) Diagnosis and Management
 • Distal (type 1) RTA
 • Proximal (type 2)
Renal Tubular Acidosis ... Diagnosis and Management ... 4) RTA #rta #Renal ... Acidosis #Diagnosis #Management ... #nephrology #table
Acute Kidney Injury - Differential Diagnosis Framework
PRERENAL:
 - Intrarenal vasoconstriction-hemodynamically mediated
 - Systemic vasodilation
 - Volume
urinalysis, labs - Management ... Glomerular (red blood cells ... biopsy - Management ... treating underlying cause ... ultrasonography - Manaqement
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
- Normal • Renal ... - Renal infection ... - Any type of renal ... More significant renal ... key #diagnosis #nephrology
Approach to Hypomagnesemia 

Fractional excretion of magnesium = (urine magnesium x serum creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum magnesium
magnesium into cells ... FEMg >4% = renal ... magnesium loss if renal ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #magnesium
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
Causes of Secondary ... disease - Renal ... of renal disease ... scan of abdomen/pelvis ... Screening #Workup #table
Hypermagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism
Renal Failure 
Excessive Mg Administration 
 - Massive PO intake
by Mechanism Renal ... High #Magnesium #Table ... #Causes #Management
Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA)  Type 1 

Totally scuppers the kidney's acidification mechanism. Will be
Distal Renal Tubular ... Distal #Diagnosis #Management ... #Nephrology #Causes
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Decreased intake/absorption: Starvation, Alcoholism, Malabsorption, Phosphate binder use
 • Redistribution/
Redistribution/ Shift into cells ... bone syndrome • Renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology #phosphate
Renal involvement in 35% of mixed cryoglobulinemia vasculitis 
Associated with : 
 • Absence of skin
Renal involvement ... TerrierBen #Renal ... Cryoglobulinemia #Vasculitis #Management ... #Rheumatology # ... Cryoglobulinemic #Nephrology
Causes of Anemia with Normal Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased WBCs
 - Decreased/NormaI
Causes of Anemia ... , Target Cells ... Reticulocytosis • Renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #Hematology