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STAGES of CHF (A, B, C, D), however, describe the severity of structural abnormalities that impair
sometimes advanced treatment ... flare ups that cause ... III and class IV symptoms ... Treatments may include ... #Management #Cardiology
Aortic Stenosis - Diagnosis and Stages

Clinical Presentation
- Exertional dyspnea
- Chest pain
- Palpitations
- HF Symptoms (orthopnea, PND,
Diagnosis and Stages ... Clinical Presentation ... Exertional dyspnea - Chest ... #Management #Signs ... #Symptoms #Cardiology
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Heart Failure Pathophysiology ... functional ID) Treatment ... improvement in symptoms ... heartfailure #diagnosis #management ... #cardiology
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... high WBC count cause ... Lysis Syndrome: • Pathophysiology ... Lysis of tumor cells ... TLS #diagnosis #management
Uncommon Causes of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (NCPE) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema:
 • Accumulation
some red blood cells ... 10,000 ft) • Symptoms ... activity, especially status ... infiltrates on chest ... depressed mental status
Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

 • Primary (Idiopathic): Unknown etiology, but associated
Pathogenesis and Clinical ... a stroke that caused ... FrozenShoulder #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #symptoms ... #staging #msk
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
Diagnosis and Management ... survival is 93-95% Pathophysiology ... renal failure Clinical ... are not caused ... anterior/posterior MSK
Mastoiditis: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Acute or Chronic Otitis Media -> 
Stage 1: Hyperemeia of the mastoid
Pathogenesis and clinical ... Otitis Media -> Stage ... hearing loss, nausea ... #Mastoiditis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Hodgkin's Lymphoma Overview

Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) is an uncommon hematological malignancy arising from mature B cells. It
Hodgkin Lymphoma - Clinical ... ingestion • B symptoms ... Serum Copper • Chest ... Hodgkin Lymphoma Treatment ... hematology #oncology #management
Lung Abscess - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Lung Abscess Etiology:
 • Necrosis of lung parenchyma by a
• Most common cause ... Lung Abscess Pathophysiology ... Lung Abscess - Clinical ... #differential #causes ... #management #treatment