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diagnosis differential treatment algorithm workup monoclonal causes erythematosus hemolytic lupus sle systemic blood hemophagocytic hlh leukemia lymphohistiocytosis mgus pancytopenia signs
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology Atlas • Microcytic - Iron-deficiency anemia, Thalassemia, Sideroblastic anemia, Lead poisoning
, Liver diseases ... Myelodysplastic syndrome ... , Liver diseases ... Hemolytic uremic syndrome ... #differential #hematology
Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MD) - Diagnosis and Management Summary myelo (marrow) -dys- (abnormal) -plastic (shape) = funny-shaped cells
Myelodysplastic Syndrome ... = funny-shaped cells ... cytopenias (usually anemia ... #treatment #hematology ... #oncology
Peripheral Blood Smear Analysis Hypochromia Megaloblastic Anemia Schistocytes: Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (e.g. DIC, TTP, HUS) Microspherocytes: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia Sickled red
Megaloblastic Anemia ... Sickled red cells ... : Sickle cell disease ... Bite cells: G6PD ... Smear #Analysis #hematology
VEXAS (Vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, Autoinflammatory, Somatic) Syndrome Clinical Syndrome: • Common Clinical Features: alveolitis, ear and
thromboembolic disease ... vasculitis • Hematologic ... Abnormalities: macrocytic anemia ... criteria for 1) hematologic ... Autoinflammatory #Somatic #rheumatology
Approach to Thrombocytosis - Elevated Platelet Count - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Peripheral Smear concerning for malignancy?
→ Refer to hematology ... hemolysis, deficiency anemia ... Vasculitides, IBD, Celiac disease ... Kawasaki, Nephrotic syndrome ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #hematology
Aplastic Anemia - Overview Who? • M = F • 3 peaks: 1) Childhood 2) 15-25 years 3) >60 years What? • Aplastic anemia
Constitutional Syndromes ... Constitutional Syndromes ... marrow-failure syndromes ... #oncology #hematology ... #diagnosis #management
Causes of Anemia with elevated Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Normal Blood Smear •
• Pancreatic Disease ... Myelodysplastic Syndromes ... Macrocytosis, Target Cells ... • Liver Disease ... Algorithm #Causes #Hematology
Diagnostic Framework for Anemia (Morphological Approach - MCV) Low MCV - <80fL - "Microcytic" • Iron deficiency
Framework for Anemia ... chronic kidney disease ... Alcohol use, Liver disease ... Myelodysplastic syndrome ... diagnosis #causes #hematology
Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis Congenital Diseases: • GATA2 deficiency • Fanconi’s anemia • Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome • Ribosomopathy or telomeropathy Cancer: • Leukemia • Lymphoma Inflammatory
Congenital Diseases ... deficiency • Fanconi’s anemia ... Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome ... and Autoimmune Diseases ... Differential #Diagnosis #Hematology
Multiple Myeloma and Monoclonal Gammopathies C - HyperCalcemia- calcium > 11 mg/dL / >1 mg/dL the ULN R
ULN R - Renal disease ... 40 ml/min A - Anemia ... plasmacytoma, POEMs syndrome ... MGUS #diagnosis #hematology ... #oncology
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