17 results
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Red blood cells ... on urine microscopy ... RBCs and/or RBC casts ... with polyangiitis/microscopic
Algorithmic Approach to Acute Interstitial Nephritis
When to suspect AIN? (not sensitive)
 • AKI, AKD, rapidly progressive
Algorithmic Approach ... sterile pyuria, WBC casts ... eosinophiluria, microscopic ... hematuria, mild ... Nephritis #AIN #Algorithm
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup ... and Diagnosis Algorithm ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... → CT urography and ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Dysuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pyuria - Leukocytes on Dipstick/Microscopy
 - Bacteriuria & Hematuria -
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Leukocytes on Dipstick/Microscopy ... Bacteriuria & Hematuria ... Pyelonephritis - WBC Casts ... Bacteriuria & No Hematuria
Urinary Tract Tuberculosis - Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen showed mild dilatation of the
computed tomography (CT ... the left renal pelvis ... excretory phase on CT ... AcidFastBacilli #Microscopy ... #NEJM
Causes of Hemoptysis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Massive Hemoptysis (>I00 mL in 24 hours)
 • Malignancy
 •
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Malformation Normal CXR ... /CT • Hematemesis ... Bronchitis Diffuse CT ... polyangiitis / microscopic
Pulmonary Renal Syndrome

Definition: Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage + Glomerulonephritis
Presentation (Pulmonary and renal manifestations can occur weeks apart):
Dyspnea, Fever, Hematuria ... polyangiitis, Microscopic ... • Labs: CBC, cr ... , anti-CCP • CXR ... resolution chest CT
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
Microscopic exam ... • Urinary casts ... [(U Na x P Cr) / ... leucocyte-esterase #urine #UNa #casts ... #glucosuria #hematuria
Pulmonary Renal Syndromes - OnePager Summary
Autoimmune ANCA vasculitis (AAV): GPA (granulomatous with polyangiitis), EGPA (eosinophilic granulomatosis
, proteinuria, hematuria ... Other tests: • CT ... seen on chest CT ... or gross hematuria ... , RBC casts, low
Pott's Disease in Tuberculosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology:
 - Typically from TB endemic areas
 -
extrapulmonary cases ... tissue damage - CXR ... involvement - CT ... of AFB by smear microscopy