12 results
Leukemias Overview: ALL, CML, AML, APML, CLL

Acute leukemias > 20% blasts in the peripheral blood smear
blood smear or ... develop leukostasis syndrome ... - infiltrates (anemia ... • Tumor lysis syndrome ... Hematology #Oncology #Diagnosis
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

What?
Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
bone marrow and peripheral ... leukopenia) Peripheral ... Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia ... • Hairy Cell Leukemia ... #diagnosis #hematology
Aplastic Anemia - Overview

Who?
• M = F
• 3 peaks:	1) Childhood	2) 15-25 years	3) >60 years

What?
• Aplastic anemia
virus (EBV) • Leukemia ... ) Labs: • Peripheral ... result from low blood ... oncology #hematology #diagnosis ... #management
Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MD) - Diagnosis and Management Summary
myelo (marrow) -dys- (abnormal) -plastic (shape) = funny-shaped cells
Myelodysplastic Syndrome ... = funny-shaped cells ... cytopenias (usually anemia ... transformation to acute leukemia ... Myelodysplastic #Syndrome
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia - Summary

Cancer affecting lymphocytes/Mature B cell neoplasm
 • Lymphocytes accumulate in large numbers
cytometry • Peripheral ... Lymphocytosis: Absolute blood ... • Neutropenia, anemia ... • Sezary syndrome ... #diagnosis #workup
VEXAS (Vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, Autoinflammatory, Somatic) Syndrome
Clinical Syndrome:
 • Common Clinical Features: alveolitis, ear and
Abnormalities: macrocytic anemia ... hematopoietic stem cells ... including peripheral ... blood myeloid cells ... NEJM Review: https
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) - Summary
Overview: 
 • Most common leukemia in adults
 • Disorder of
minimal tumor burden Diagnosis ... : • Peripheral ... lymphocytes, smudge cells ... 5) Symptoms of anemia ... #management
Some of the techniques used for Antenatal Diagnosis

Amniocentesis 
 - Chromosome/micro-array and DNA analysis 
 -
— PCR Fetal blood ... haemoglobin for anaemia ... genetic analysis of cells ... surgery, e.g. laser photo-coagulation ... transfusion syndrome
Howell-Jolly Body - On these Wright-stained peripheral blood smears the small dark spheres within red cells
Wright-stained peripheral ... blood smears the ... in the right photo ... thalassemia, and leukemia ... Path #BloodSmear #Blood
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) Overview

Increased Clotting and Consumption of Clotting Factors

Findings:
 • Bleeding
 • Recent history
promyelocytic leukemia ... ABO incompatible blood ... D-Dimer: ↑ • Peripheral ... #Coagulation #diagnosis ... causes #treatment #management