9 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
• Normal Acid-Base ... Syndrome • HTN, High ... Gitelman syndrom, Vomiting ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... <20 mEq/24 h - Vomiting ... #nephrology #causes ... #low #potassium
Potassium-Binding Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia
Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma):
 • Mechanism: Preferentially captures K in exchange for
Potassium-Binding ... ); nausea, vomiting ... patients sensitive to high ... of aspiration #Potassium ... #pharmacology #table
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... deficiency, Salt-losing ... Extrarenal losses, Vomiting ... UNa > 20: • Acute ... #Causes #nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... Acute or chronic ... Compensation, Acute ... Alkalosis: - Vomiting ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... normal volume-based ... algorithm Urine ... diuresis can be high ... #sodium #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Gastrointestinal: Vomiting ... poisoning Normal acid-base ... the indicated causes ... of sodium and potassium ... #nephrology #differential
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. 
***Typical presentations: 
 • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm ... presentations: • Vomiting ... urine Na/Cl < 0.7, high ... correcting serum potassium ... #nephrology
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
Epidemiology 1) High ... Asian countries (1 case ... hyperphosphatemia, hypercalcemia ... symptoms are not caused ... , chronic but stable