18 results
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
→ Urinalysis >3 ... mimics, repeat testing ... → Refer to Nephrology ... cystoscopy • Refer to Nephrology ... #Workup #urology
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Repeat the sodium ... Step 2. ... administration Step 3. ... liver failure • nephrotic ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Hypernatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Diabetes Insipidus Workup

Step #1 - Consider the history
Step #2 - Assess
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Diabetes Insipidus Workup ... history Step #2 ... Uglucose Step #3 ... #Sodium #nephrology
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Serum Osmolarity 2) ... Urine Osmolarity 3) ... Urine Sodium 4) ... Acid → renal salt wasting ... #nephrology #sodium
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Once pseudohypokalemia is ruled out, causes of hypokalemia can be
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... (low intake) 2. ... transcellular shift) 3. ... #Causes #workup ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm ... discontinued) 3. ... secreting tumor 3. ... #Diagnosis #Causes ... #Workup #Nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... deficiency, Salt-losing ... Cerebral salt wasting ... , UNa < 20 • Nephrotic ... #Causes #nephrology
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
require urgent nephrology ... 2) HISTORY/PHYSICAL ... Urinary obstruction, Nephrotoxic ... (e.g NSAlDs) 3) ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertension - BP > 140/90 (>130/80 for DM)
Hypertensive urgency
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... damage or DM (visit 2) ... monitoring (visit 3+ ... Glomerulonephritis • Nephritic ... HTN #Secondary #Nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... normal volume-based algorithm ... Cerebral Salt Wasting ... failure, Cirrhosis, Nephrotic ... #nephrology