32 results
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... deficiency, Salt-losing ... UNa > 20: • Acute ... #Algorithm #Causes ... #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Algorithm Defining ... the cause of hypokalemia ... Post-hypercapnia • Diuretics ... #algorithm #causes
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
syndrome - Acute ... Glucocorticoid deficit - Hypokalemia ... hyponatremia - Diuretics ... deficit - Salt-losing ... #Table #Causes
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... hyperaldosteronism, Secondary ... Hypomagnesemia, Acute ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift
 • Recovery From DKA
 • Refeeding Syndrome
 • Acute Respiratory
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Transcellular ... Alkalosis • Hypokalemia ... • Acute Volume ... #causes
Hyperuricemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary - Over-production
     • Increased turnover of nucleotides
Primary
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Primary ... Sarcoidosis • Hypercalcemia ... Cyclosporine • Diuretics ... #causes
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Diagnosis Algorithm ... High Al, High R - Secondary ... >20 mEq/24 h - Diuretics ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #causes #low #potassium
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Urine Output > 3L /day
Water Diuresis (Urine Osm <100 mOsm/kg)
 • Primary
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Urine ... Water and solute loading ... #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis
Renal Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Familial:
Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, Isolated recessive hypomagnesemia,
- Differential Diagnosis ... Hypomagnesemia with secondary ... pentamidine), Hypercalcemia ... renal transplant, Diuretic ... #causes #nephrology
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Polyneuropathy, Acute ... stroke, Acute spinal ... Hyporeflexia: • Hypercalcemia ... #differential #diagnosis ... #table #neurology