13 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
• Normal Acid-Base ... Syndrome • HTN, High ... secreting tumor, Primary ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Al, Low R - Primary ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology #causes ... #low #potassium
Approach to Thyroid Function Tests in the Evaluation of Hyperthyroidism
 • Low TSH, Low normal T4
hyperthyroidism as ... • Low TSH, high ... T4 +/- T3 → Primary ... Hyperthyroidism #algorithm ... endocrinology #TFTs #TSH #Interpretation
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... complications such as ... losses: • High ... consumption • Low ... #nephrology #low
Management of Pediatric Kidney Stones
Acute Managment:
 • Pain relief: NSAIDs, opioids
 • Facilitating passage of stone:
ALL patients - High ... - Calcium as ... protein - Low ... Targeted Rx: • PRIMARY ... Management #Pediatrics #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary ... Chloride Algorithm ... alkalosis • Normal/low ... poisoning Normal acid-base ... of sodium and potassium
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Appropriately Low Kidney Phosphate Excretion:
 • Decreased GI Absorption: Chronic Diarrhea, Antacids,
Appropriately Low ... Inappropriately High ... • N Vitamin D: Primary ... inhibitor, Estrogen based ... #nephrology #phosphorus
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based ... algorithm Urine ... diuresis can be high ... water intake (Primary ... polydipsia), Low
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... Compensation, Acute vs ... acetaminophen dosing ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology ... bloodgas #Acid #Base
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. 
***Typical presentations: 
 • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low ... urine Na/Cl < 0.7, high ... correcting serum potassium ... in most cases; interpretation ... #nephrology