18 results
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hypertensive: • High ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology #causes ... #low #potassium
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Syndrome • HTN, High ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... complications such as ... urinary losses: • High ... consumption • Low ... #nephrology #low
Here’s a review of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system (RAAS)

This is a very common pathway that clinicians should
aldosterone which does a lot ... sodium, which causes ... inhibiting drug classes ... this pathway, ending ... is categorized as
Potassium-Binding Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia
Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma):
 • Mechanism: Preferentially captures K in exchange for
Potassium-Binding ... increase dose as ... patients sensitive to high ... of aspiration #Potassium ... #Binding #Hyperkalemia
Digoxin Pharmacology and Pathophysiology
1) Na/K ATPase Pump - Digoxin works by directly binding to and inhibiting
works by directly binding ... intracellular calcium causes ... Hyperkalemia (high ... the same site as ... hypokalemia (or low
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... alkalosis • Normal/low ... the indicated causes ... of sodium and potassium ... Chloride #urine #Algorithm
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Compensation, Acute vs ... of High Anion Gap ... acetaminophen dosing ... Interpretation #Diagnosis #Summary ... #Nephrology #ABG
Tinnitus - Objective (can be heard/auscultated) - 10% - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Vascular - Arterial:
 • Atherosclerosis
Anomaly • Blood flow ... - Venous: • AV ... Shunt • High ... #Tinnitus #Ringing ... #Causes
Premature Ventricular Complexes (PVC's) - Summary Framework

Why PVCs?  Can be the first manifestation of cardiac
Complexes (PVC's) - Summary ... : • Low: <1 percent ... percent PVCs/day • High ... = NSVT EKG Findings ... tachyarrhythmias High-risk